Software Testing is a process that any software has to go through before its release. It is a kind of investigation that provides the stakeholders with all kinds of information that they may want to know about the product. It also lets people know about the risks that are involved if they use the software and helps them understand these risks. So it is basically a warning system that prevents a lot of damage and losses if it is carried out in the correct way.  Each kind of user needs a different kind of software. For instance, an accountant will need accounting software and a player will need gaming software and so on. This is why software developers judge their software and deem is suitable or not according to the needs and the requirements of its end clients. This is why they implement software testing because it helps them achieve that target.

Software testing can also save a lot of money. It was stated by a research by NIST that the errors and the bugs that appear in software costs the economy of the United States approximately sixty billion dollars per year. Third of this number can be saved if software developers carry out more strict and better testing on their software before they release it. The reasons behind the various bugs and errors that appear in software include hardware compatibility, programming errors and the compatibility with older versions. Some of the techniques that are used to solve these errors are Integration, regression, black box, grey box, white box and acceptance among other techniques that are very effective in solving these errors and bugs.

Software testing would allow the software developer to spot and locate these bugs before the release of the product so the developers and programmers can work on them and fix them.

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Software testing is an essential phase that every software has to pass through during its development and prior to its release. Companies who implement a strict quality control strategy will always put their newly designed and developed software through a software testing process. This process allows them to check for the existence of any bugs or errors. It enables the software developers to be certain that the software they are going to release is up to par with all of quality standards of the company and the market. This is how big companies maintain the high level of quality of their products.

Software testing is carried out at the last stages of the development of the software. The testing process starts with putting the software through a series of exams and tests to make sure that it passes all requirements and quality control standards of the company. This includes the stability of the system, the performance, the usability of the software, the stability of the platform and its functional fit. Special software are used in the testing phase, these software are designed to locate and spot any kind of issues, bugs or technical errors that might have entered the software’s coding during the designing and developing process. After locating and identifying these errors, the developers then start to fix them before testing the software again to make sure that they fixed it all.

Software testing programs are customized and tailored according to the cultural and business needs of each manufacturing company. It also depends on the kind of software and its purpose. This is why each software developing company uses a specific type of software testing programs. These programs have become very vital and essential in the life span of the software development, regardless of the software’s type, genre or purpose.

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Software testing is the process of testing any newly developed software to check if it has any bugs, technical issues or errors that could have crept into the coding of the programming during its development.  These errors will have a negative effect on the quality of the software and this is why the new software gets tested so the developer can eliminate and fix any bugs or technical issues prior to the release of the software. This allows the manufacturer to be one hundred percent certain that the software is of high quality that it meets all of the quality standards.

Software testing became a vital phase that any software has to go through due to the existence of the internet. Everyone is looking for top quality products and software. This is why any software that does not meet these quality standards is deemed to fail. This is why software testing became an important part of the SDLC (software development life cycle). Most of the errors and technical issues that exist in any software are a result of design errors and miscalculations. Any grade ‘A’ product will have to be bug and error free and this is why big program developers test their software to make sure that it does not contain any bugs and if it does, it will have to be corrected and fixed before it is released to the public. This is done in order to control the quality of the products.

Software testing includes static and dynamic testing. These kinds of tests can be done automatically through an automated test tool or it can be done manually. This testing involves the execution of a code that tests and examines the software for the existence of any bugs, technical issues or errors. To sum it up, software testing is very vital to any quality control strategy and this is why it is used and applied by the biggest software developers.

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Software testing is the process of testing new software by using it prior to its release. This testing process is carried out in order to spot and locate any kind of existing problems or technical issues. This can be carried out by the execution of a code. This code can be a small component or a program. This process is also called dynamic testing. This kind of testing can be carried out using a testing tool automatically or it can be carried out by hand manually. Whether it is carried out automatically or manually, code execution is used.

Software testing also involves what is called “static testing”. This kind of testing is also called code walkthroughs. It is the inspection of any software that does not need code execution. People also call this genre of testing “walkthroughs & inspections”, it is clear by this naming that the term software testing is preferably used to referrer to any kind of testing process that includes the execution of a specific code for testing. Despite that, using both types of testing the static testing and the dynamic testing is a very vital part of any strategy for quality control.

Software testing for any software quality control that lies within the SDLC has to go through both kinds of testing, dynamic and static. This means that technical specs, test plans and business needs have to be subjected to ‘walkthroughs and inspections’ which is also known as static testing. Everyone knows that dynamic testing can run automatically without the inference of the human element. The same thing can be applied to static testing as it can also be automated to save a lot of time and effort. For instance, using a tool that is able to measure the code’s complexity for a specific program can be an example of an automatic static testing tool.

Software testing is used by all of the top companies that designs and manufactures different software. Despite the fact that using software testing can lead to the delaying of the release of new software it is still used by the biggest companies. This is due to the fact that using it is a vital part in the common protocols that are used in software development. Not only that as testing new software has many other advantages that pushes the software developing companies to test their software even if it is going to delay or push back the release date of the newly designed piece of software.

Software testing would allow the companies and the developers to be sure that the software that they are releasing will work to its full efficiency. This is because when new software is tested, the developers are able to spot any kind of technical issues or errors in the design so they can fix it before being released to the public. This helps the companies make sure that the software will work as it should when it is released and used by the clients. It also helps the software manufacturers make sure that the software that they are releasing is able to pass and meet all of the regular quality standards and tests.

Software testing would also help the users of the software avert away from any kind of damage that can harm their computers due to any technical issues. Most organizations now depend on their computers in almost everything because technology and computers makes everything easier. This is why they have to make sure that no harm will be done to their systems by the usage of the software. This is due to the fact that serious harm can come to the company’s business if any damage is done to its computer network and system.

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Businesses involved in software should always make sure that their software product is free of bugs, and almost there are errors or any kind of risks which cause problems to their customers(end-users), should be fixed before releasing the product to the market. Even though it is not possible to deliver 100% bug-free software product, software businesses should ensure that their product is almost free of all possible bugs/errors. To do so, they should follow software testing procedures or any kind of other testings from start to end of software development.

Software developing industry is very competitive industry to do business with. There are many software products compete in the market for a particular problem/need of customers. For an example, there are various software products like SAP, Tally and etc are competing in accountancy filed. So, it is very important that the software which you produce is very reliable, user-friendly, functional, secure and etc. Specially if a software provides solutions to business functions like accounting, it  has to be very secure, specially  from cracking, hacking and virus attacks to end-users' data. To do so security of the product should be tested well during process of software testing.

Usually there are software firms run out of time for extended testing due to tight deadline and/or delays on earlier software development phases. It leads to release the software with bugs/errors, which in return gains poor reputation to the brand. To overcome such things, software testing should not be omitted/ignored/shortened. Overall Software testing cycle should be followed. Alpha testing, beta testing, verification & validations too have to be considered during software testing process.

Unit testing should be carried out to ensure each unit of the software, operates correctly. Apart form that when the units are integrated, integration testing should be carried out to ensure software units continue working properly when those are integrated. Assuming that integrated software will work fine because of unit testing is carried out and all units are working well, there are cases where integrated software fail to work well, so integration testing is the must.

Software should perform what is supposed to perform in other words,  software should perform as what stated in software development specification which is filtered out/translated from customer requirements. To test this performance testing should be carried out.

Functionality of the software also important to compete in high competitive software industry. Each functions should work properly, individually as well as when those are integrated. Functional testing should be done to do so.

Regression testing also important when some reported issues are fixed. Other than that compatibility and usability testing should be performed before final release of the software product.

Beta version of software can be distributed to other/existing customers, which allow customers to work on it and report any issues. It helps to find out errors/bugs under different environment.

Finally even software testing is time consuming process. It is very essential to deliver quality and error free software product which in turn gives more high brand reputation and more businesses in near future.

Software Testing Vs Software Quality Assurance
Executing software program purposefully with intention to “find bugs”, “measuring quality, security, functionality and performance” can be defined as software testing. Making sure that the standard procedures are adopted in all the phases of SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle), monitoring & improving process of all phases of SDLC and intend to solve identified all the problems is known as software quality assurance. Software testing is done to detect errors and Software quality assurance is oriented towards “prevention”.
 
SDLC Vs STLC
Preliminary analysis, Systems analysis, Systems design, Development, Installation & deployment and Maintenance are phases of SDLC.
 
The need of software begins when a business is in need of computerized solution for its problems or when the business identifies the opportunity for computerized solution. As next step, goals and scopes are defined along with system boundary, cost-benefit analysis and feasibility study. Then, project development plan is developed and other planning documents are prepared. Once that is done, analysis of user requirements is carried out and detailed functional document is developed. On the next phase the requirements are transformed into system design, and then the system design is converted into information system - at this phase system installation, creating and setting up the databases, coding, compiling and refining the programs are done.
 
Further in testing, STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) is applied, which has the following phases:
System Study
Test planning
Test case preparation
Test case review
Execute test case
Identify bugs
Report bugs
 
Types of testing are Defect testing the failed scenarios, including defect tracking, Path testing, Data set testing, Unit testing, System testing, Integration testing, Black-box testing, White-box testing, Regression testing, Automation testing, User acceptance testing, Software performance testing
 
Once the testing phase is completed, system is implemented in production environment and further maintenance is carried out.
 
Further on Software testing
Test bed :
Test bed is setting up environment for testing, which includes configuring specific hardware, operating systems, network topology and etc to perform testing. In detailed test plan, “Test bed” should be consider in first point.
 
Test data :
What data to be tested with the software program. It is used to test effective controls of software with input.
 
In software testing, term “error” means - deviation of actual and expected output, term “bug” means - the error which can be found in development environment before delivery to customer and the term “defect” means - error which can be found in delivered product to the customer.
 
Reasons for errors on Software:
Communication gap on what the application should & should not do
Programmers mistake in codes
Changes of requirements
Running to meet deadlines
 
Only few things about software testing is discussed above out of several points to be considered about software testing.
 

Usually time allocated for software testing is less compare to other areas of software development. There are situations where actual testing is performed more quicker than actual allocated time for testing. Because, there are software developing companies getting pressure from other stakeholders like marketing team, management team and etc. The reason for the pressure may be the marketing department and management team may have allocated lots of money in advertising and promotion activities, as a result they always need to launch the product in time, even they prefer sooner is better. That obviously put less time on testing.

Usually, taking the software to end user is the goal of marketing and management teams. But it has to be ensured that that end users will not find any serious bugs on the software. That kind of considerations make stable positions for software in the market. Bugs in reporting format or etc usually has less impact on software product and end-users, anyway which should be fixed in upcoming releases of the product. Bugs like loosing data or crashing the program may cause serious impact on end users' data as well as on stability of the market for software. When software testing is planned, critical areas where system may crash or loose data, should be given high priority in testing.

Software testing includes quality assurance, validations and performance testing and etc. When planning a testing, specific areas should be tested, for an example if the performance testing is planned, there should not be more focus to be given to quality rather than performance. Such mis-leading things may lead to have hidden bugs in the software.

Nowadays software testing become very important in-order to deliver quality products which leads more need of software testing professionals and there are certification are introduced like ISEM, ISTQB and etc for software testing professionals. It is good news. However, it has to be noted that, software testing can ensure quality but it cannot ensure BUG-FREE.

1. What is quality assurance?
Questions and Answers of software involves the complete software development procedure, administering and enhancing the process, assuring that any standards and processes are followed, and making sure that standards and processes are followed, and making sure that issues are found and solved. It is correlated to prevention.

2. What is the Intention of testing?
Software testing is the procedure used to assist recognizing the security, quality, completeness and corrections of the computer software that is developed.

3. What is the distinctness between testing and QA?
Testing includes working of an application or a system under restricted conditions and assessing the results. It is aimed to detection. QA of software includes, ensuring that certain standards are followed properly, and also making sure that the problems are solved properly.

4. Explain the Life Cycle of Software Development
Aspects such as working design, documentation planning, coding, document preparation, functional design, retesting, requirement analysis, initial concept, integration, testing, phase-out, updates, maintenance and others are included in it.

5. What are STLC and SDLC and other phases of both?
SDLC includes coding, testing, release, design phase, requirement phase, maintenance. STLC includes report and defect, tracking of bug, test case review, test planning, system study, performing test care, writing scripts or test care.

6. Test bed, what is it?
Test bed is an accomplished environment composed for software testing. It includes particular hardware, operating system, product configuration to be under test, network topology, system software and many other applications. The test plan for a project has to be established from the test beds.

7. What is the meaning of Test Data?
Test data runs through a computer program for testing the software. It can be used to test the compatibility with efficient controls in the software.

8. Why there are bugs in software?
No communication or miscommunication about the information of what should be done by an application or not. Programmers can make the mistakes in some cases. There are also possibilities that the end user not comprehending the effects of changes, or may request them to redesign it anyway, effects of other projects, delaying the engineers, work completed already may be have to be done again. It is not very easy to prepare the software projects at best, they often need too much of guesswork. Mistakes are bound to happen when the crisis comes and deadlines are provided.

The basics of software testing are the first piece of the ISEB Foundation examination and course study syllabus. ISEM suggest that students of Foundation spend 20% of their time of study on the basics of section of Fundamental course. The tile of the opening chapter is The Fundamentals of Software Testing in the official manual of ISEB software testing.

Determining the fundamentals of software testing is very important to accomplishing proficiency according to the professional standards of ISEB. But what, exactly are these basics and what do you need to understand to the examination of ISEB Foundation?

The necessity of testing: Peter Morgan, a freelancer testing practitioner and ISEB Accreditation and examination panel member says that, a needlessly high amount of IT systems are unsuccessful to fulfill expectations or fail to work, because of inadequate software testing before the release.

Software testing cannot assure against software issues, but it can reduce the dangers of faults developing when the software is working. It is important to take the causes and effect of IT systems failure, and important role played by testing in quality assurance into account, in order to understand the necessity of software testing.

The five most important learning requirements to be focused by The ISEB Foundation are:
1. The potential force of a failure of IT systems.
2. Effects and causes of software failure.
3. The necessity of software testing.
4. Fundamental terminology of industry.

Meaning of testing: It is a technique of recognizing mistakes in the product before the release, this consists faults in its execution and the software code, also any type of potential space between job of code and what it exactly does.

The examination of ISEB Software Testing foundation needs students to:
1. Understand the fundamental objectives of testing.
2. Know how these objectives implement in the context of using, supporting and creating software.

General principles of testing: The students in ISEB courses are introduced to 7 principles of software testing.
1. Testing can prove that complications exist, but they can’t show that the problems do not exist,
2. It covers a restricted category of sample conditions, and is not all inclusive.
3. When the problem is found sooner, the cost of fixing it will be less.
4. Imperfections are more likely to align around particular areas. These areas can be specifically aimed by testers.
5. A test set that run repeatedly will have abating effect.
6. The kind, pattern and concentration of testing will differ depending on the software tested.
7. A test that doesn’t show errors doesn’t prove that software is free of errors.

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